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If you own an OPPO Mobile, the software you use on it is called Color OS. This is an Android “skin” proprietary software customization that goes over stock Android. OPPO’s software also appears on Chinese OnePlus phones (Oppo, Relame and OnePlus are sister brands under the BBK banner) starting for Oneplus 9 Series it is pre-installed OS for oneplus mobiles. Previously, it appeared on Realme mobiles too, but now they are developing their own skin named Realme UI.

Oppo is one of the largest smartphone brands in the world, so its skin appears on millions of devices. If you’ve never used an Oppo phone before, you might be wondering what it’s like. Even if you already own one, you might want to know more about it. Either way, you’re in the right place! We’re going to give you a ton of useful information about the software here.

Oppo’s Android skin is very, very different from stock Android. Google’s Pixel UI, OnePlus’ Oxygen OS, and even Samsung’s One UI all keep the general feel and look of Android throughout the operating system. But oppo leaves almost nothing untouched. It’s a wildly different experience.

As one would expect, this makes Color OS a little divisive. Some users really enjoy its colorful, cartoonish feel and appreciate the wealth of features it offers. Others don’t like how drastically Oppo changes Android and find it clunky and confusing.

Do note that, in the future, Color OS and OnePlus’ Oxygen OS will merge together. This will create an as-yet-unnamed unified operating system that will appear on all OnePlus and Oppo phones. However, for this article as it stands now, we are focused solely on the unique version of Color OS that exists prior to that future merger.

Oppo has become quite fast at delivering updates to its smartphones. The company launches a lot of phones around the world, and some phones get more/faster updates than others. However slowly or quickly it happens, though, phones get updates As of now, most of the phones oppo’s released in the past year or so are on the latest version of the software, which is Color OS 11. As the name suggests, it is based on Android 11, which launched in 2020.

How to check your version and for updates using Color OS

If you don’t know which version of Color OS is on your Oppo or Chinese OnePlus device, you can easily check. Conveniently, these steps will also check to see if there’s a software update. Here are the steps:

Head to Android Settings by finding the shortcut in your app drawer or notification shade.

Scroll to the bottom of the list and tap on the Software Update section.

Your phone will automatically check for an update.

Once the check is done, it will tell you your current Color OS and Android version number. The information appears under the software logo.

If your software is up-to-date but you don’t have the latest version of Color OS, that means your phone hasn’t received the update yet. It’s also possible your phone is too old to get new updates.

A brief history of Color OS

The first version of Color OS launched in September of 2013. Oppo had released plenty of Android smartphones before then, but the software on those devices didn’t have a proper title. It wasn’t stock Android, but Oppo didn’t label it as Color OS. Color OS 1.0 was based on Android 4 Jellybean.

Over the years, Oppo launched new versions of its Android skin alongside new official versions of the operating system. In November 2019, the company made things quite confusing by announcing that Color OS 6.7 would jump to Color OS 8. It even launched installable versions of this software. Eventually, the company scrapped this plan and jumped to Color OS 7.

To make things less confusing, in 2020 the company revealed that it would adopt the same numbering scheme as mainline Android. As such, Color OS jumped from v7 to v11 with the launch of Android 11. This year, we’ll see Color OS 12 launch based on Android 12.

As mentioned earlier, Oppo’s Android skin also appeared on phones from its sub-brand Realme. However, in 2020, Realme stopped this practice and released its own skin known as Realme UI.

The best unique features of Color OS

Every Android skin out there puts its own stamp on the software. Here are four things Color OS can do that most other skins can’t:

Three-finger translate

It’s easy to use Google Translate or Google Lens on your smartphone to convert text to your native language. However, to do that, you need to stop what you’re doing, open up those apps, navigate to what you want to translate, and make it happen. With Color OS 11, though, you can simply swipe three fingers down the screen, wherever you might be. This captures a screenshot. Once that happens, you just tap the translate button that appears, and boom, the text is translated using the power of Google Lens. This can save you some time!

Home screen transitions

With most smartphones, the animations that happen when you slide around your home screens are pretty standard. With Color OS, though, you can customize this very easily. “Roll” makes it seem like you are turning a scroll as you move to the next screen. “Cube” makes it seem like your home screens are panels of a large box and you are moving from one side to another. There are other choices too, like “Flip,” “Card,” and “Tilt.” You’ll need to try them all to figure out which one works best for you.

Customizations

Color OS offers a wealth of customization options. You can do basic things like changing your system-wide font, colors, sounds, etc. However, you can also create your own system elements. For example, you can make your own ringtones using touches and swipes on a colorful controller (no music experience is necessary). You can even use similar systems to create your own wallpapers and always-on display (AOD) designs.

O Relax

An app that comes pre-installed on many Oppo phones is called O Relax. It features white noise sounds from various sources that you can choose to play for a certain length of time. Ocean waves, ambient noise from various worldwide cities, rainstorms, and even synthetic creations like “space travel” are all on hand. Sure, you could download other apps that do this, but it’s neat that this comes ready to use out-of-the-box from Oppo.

Now a new version of color OS which is named as Color OS 12 in in roll out process you check the rollout plan details in this link




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Earlier Google revealed top apps on the Google Play store for the year 2021. Now Apple reveals top iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Watch, and more apps for the year 2021. The tech giant has recognized the 15 best apps and games that made users’ life easy and helped them better connect with one another.

CEO Tim Cook said, “The developers who won App Store Awards in 2021 harnessed their own drive and vision to deliver the best apps and games of the year — sparking the creativity and passion of millions of users around the world.”


List of best apps in 2021 on Apple App store

iPhone App of the Year: Toca Life World, from Toca Boca.

iPad App of the Year: LumaFusion, from LumaTouch.

Mac App of the Year: Craft, from Luki Labs Limited.

Apple TV App of the Year: DAZN, from DAZN Group.

Apple Watch App of the Year: Carrot Weather, from Grailr.

iPhone Game of the Year: “League of Legends: Wild Rift,” from Riot Games.

iPad Game of the Year: “MARVEL Future Revolution,” from Netmarble Corporation.

Mac Game of the Year: “Myst,” from Cyan.

Apple TV Game of the Year: “Space Marshals 3,” from Pixelbite.

Apple Arcade Game of the Year: “Fantasian,” from Mistwalker.


Here are the top Free iPhone Apps in 2021

WhatsApp Messenger

YouTube: Watch, Listen, Stream

Instagram

Facebook

Google Pay: Save, Pay, Manage

Snapchat

Amazon India – Shop and Pay

PhonePe: Recharge & Investment

Google Chrome

Gmail – Email by Google


Here are top paid iPhone apps in 2021

DSLR Camera

Vehicle Registration Info

Forest – Your Focus Motivation

Sticker Babai: Telugu Stickers

Aadhaar Card QR Scanner

Procreate Pocket

AutoSleep Track Sleep on Watch

Money Manager (+PC Editing)

TouchRetouch

Govt Guide – PAN Card, Aadhaar


Top free iPhone games in 2021

Ludo King

BATTLEGROUNDS MOBILE INDIA

Garena Free Fire – Booyah Day

Subway Surfers

Candy Crush Saga

Call of Duty®: Mobile

8 Ball Pool™

Water Sort Puzzle

Among Us!

Count Masters: Crowd Runner 3D


Top paid iPhone games in 2021

Hitman Sniper

Minecraft

Monopoly

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas

RFS – Real Flight Simulator

Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

Heads Up!

Plague Inc.

Assassin’s Creed Identity

Ski Safari 2


Top free iPad apps in 2021

YouTube: Watch, Listen, Stream

ZOOM Cloud Meetings

Google Chrome

Amazon Prime Video

Hotstar- Movies & Live Cricket

Netflix

Gmail – Email by Google

Google Meet

Telegram Messenger

Amazon India – Shop and Pay


Top paid iPad apps in 2021

Procreate

GoodNotes 5

Notability

Messaging for WhatsApp on iPad

LumaFusion

Duet Display

Affinity Designer

Forest – Your Focus Motivation

Affinity Photo

Amaziograph


Top free iPad games in 2021

Ludo King

Among Us!

Call of Duty®: Mobile

BATTLEGROUNDS MOBILE INDIA

Garena Free Fire – Booyah Day

Subway Surfers

Asphalt 9: Legends

Roblox

Project Makeover

Candy Crush Saga


Top paid iPad games of 2021

Minecraft

Hitman Sniper

Monopoly

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas

RFS – Real Flight Simulator

Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

Plague Inc.

Infinite Flight Simulator

Assassin’s Creed Identity

Need for Speed™ Most Wanted


Top arcade games of 2021

NBA 2K21 Arcade Edition

Sonic Racing

Skate City

Cut the Rope Remastered

Oceanhorn 2

Samurai Jack

Angry Birds Reloaded

Sneaky Sasquatch

Ballistic Baseball

The Pathless.



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Google has announced the winners of the Google Play Best of 2021 awards, "Apps and games that made positive contributions in people’s lives this year. By challenging the norm, introducing unique features and giving users a never-seen-before experience, Google Play’s Best of winners globally represent the gold standard in app and game development." Like previous years, winners have been selected across the developer ecosystem to reinforce that a "great app or game can come from anywhere, whether you’re a large or a rising developer," as per the company.

"In India, once again, we saw a diverse range of apps help people across the country with relevant, and often unique solutions to their daily needs. This year, we saw a distinctive rise in e-learning, with many winners finding creative ways to help India learn a range of skills online, be it mastering a passion through celebrity-led virtual classes with Front Row, or using AI to scale student learning outcomes with Imbibe."

To encourage innovation across Google Play, the company has also included three new categories and expanded the awards to apps on tablets and Wear OS, and games on tablets. Below are the best apps of 2021 in India, as per Google:

Bitclass

It is claimed to be one of the world's largest Live learning platform. It offers free classes across categories ranging from baking, dance, music to personal finance and theatre acting.

FrontRow

This one too is e-learning platform. Users get access to exclusive courses co-created by celebrities across areas like singing, cricket, dance and more.

Clubhouse: The Social Audio App

Club House is a social audio app where users can chat in groups on their favorite topics.

Hotstep

Hotstep is an online platform for all dancers, fitness enthusiasts, and people who just want to have fun, offering dance tutorials, live sessions from various artists. It has both subscription-based and free video tutorials.

Sortizy - Recipes, Meal Planner & Grocery Lists

Sortizy offers easy to cook recipe cards, meal planner, and grocery lists.

SARVA - Yoga & Meditation

This one is a yoga and meditation app.

Guardians from Truecaller

The app allows users to share their location with friends and family.

Embibe

It offers free access to course books and mock tests for Class 1 to Class 12, CBSE/NCERT, ICSE and All-State Boards. Users can prepare for engineering, medical, government exams and more.

Evolve Mental Health: Meditations, Self-Care & CBT

The app aims to allow users to track, measure & improve their mental health.

Jumping Minds - Talk & Feel Better

The app connects users to relevant people for 1-1 text chat anonymously and securely.

Moonbeam Podcast Discovery

Moonbeam helps find your favorite podcast. Users can simply swipe through their personalized, ad-free feed of curated “moments” to discover new shows and ideas.

Evergreen Club

The app is said to have been curated keeping in mind both, physical and mental health among older adults. The Evergreen Club app claims to introduce new ways of social interaction while being home. It also promotes a great virtual experience with exciting events & activities for you to enjoy.

Houzz - Home Design & Remodel

As the name suggests, Houzz is app for improving and designing your home -- whether you’re building, renovating or decorating.

Concepts: Sketch, Note, Draw

Concepts is a whiteboard app. It offers a canvas to write notes, doodles and mindmaps, draw storyboards, product sketches and design plans, then share with friends, clients and other apps.

Calm

Calm is the app for sleep and meditation. It aims to help users discover a happier, healthier you through their meditations, sleep stories, music, and more.

Canva

Canva makes video and graphic design simple for everyone. Offers photo editor, video maker, and logo creator -- all free

My Fitness Pal

This one is for fitness freaks. It gives users access to the food database available with nutrition facts for over 14 million foods. Users can log everything they eat for detailed insights about their nutrition. It’s a nutrition and calorie tracker.

Sleep Cycle: Sleep analysis & Smart alarm clock

This app too aims to help users sleep better. It offers smart alarm clock, sleep recorder and sleep tracker.




Here are the winners of the Play store, Please do follow us and let us know your feedback in comments.


One UI (OneUI) is a software Skin / overlay developed by Samsung Electronics for its Android devices running on Android 9 “Pie” and higher and Windows devices running Windows 11 and higher. Succeeding Samsung Experience (Android 7 “Nougat”-8 ”Oreo”) and TouchWiz (Android 6.x “Marshmallow” and older), it is designed to make using larger smartphones easier and become more visually appealing. To provide more clarity, some elements of the UI are tweaked to match the colors that are based on the color of the user's phone. It was unveiled at Samsung's developer conference in 2018 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold. On top of that, it is also the software layer for their smartwatch which runs on TizenOS and Wear OS platform, which Samsung co-developed with Google.


Features :

One UI was designed as part of a goal to make Samsung's hardware and software "work together in perfect harmony" and provide a more "natural" experience on large-screen smartphones. One UI displays most of the features that were in the Samsung Experience UX. A prominent design pattern in many of Samsung's system applications is to intentionally place common features and user interface elements along the middle of the screen rather than near the top. This makes them easier to reach with a user's thumb when using the device one-handed. For similar reasons, apps utilize large headers to push their main content towards the vertical center of the screen. 

The navigation bar supports the use of gestures and the usual 3-button system, while a system-wide "night mode" was also added. As with Android Pie upstream, the Overview screen of recent apps uses a horizontal layout, as opposed to the vertical layout of previous versions.


Release :

One UI 1.0 based on Android 9 “Pie” was periodically released to the Galaxy S8, Note8, S9, and Note9 devices throughout January, February, March and April 2019. Newer Galaxy A and M devices also have the new Samsung skin as does the Note FE (Fan Edition). One UI 1.1 was released alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy A series and Galaxy Fold.

One UI 1.5 was pre-installed on the Galaxy Note10 devices after Samsung's partnership with Microsoft to bring better mobile integration to Windows 10. While the Galaxy S7 series and Note 5 devices did not officially receive the update from Samsung, many developers in the Open Source community have ported the system to these devices.

One UI 2.0 update from Android 10 from Galaxy S9 series, Galaxy Note 9, Galaxy S10 series and Galaxy A series, However the Galaxy S10 Lite and Note 10 Lite from pre-installed launched One UI 2.0 devices.

One UI 2.1 is stable for the S10, Note 10, S9, Note 9, and Tab S6 devices. It was pre-installed on the S20 and most Samsung devices released in 2020.

One UI 2.5 is pre-installed on the Galaxy Note20 devices, as well as the Galaxy Z Fold 2 and the Samsung Galaxy S20 FE.

One UI 3.0 was update on the Galaxy S20 devices in December 2020.

One UI 3.1 is pre-installed on the Galaxy S21 devices.

One UI 3.1.1 is pre-installed on the Galaxy Z Fold 3 devices.

One UI 4.0 was released publicly on the Galaxy S21 devices. It will also arrive on other devices between December 2021 to August 2022.



Version history :

One UI 1 :

One UI 1.0, the first version of One UI, brought about many features which were becoming increasingly popular among various apps and iOS. First and foremost, dark mode was added to make viewing in dark spaces easier on the user's eyes. This feature was included in many apps and eventually brought to iOS 13 and Android 10. The first version also brought native screenshot editing tools, refined curves, refinements to the Always-On Display (tap to show), an upgraded Bixby with support for remapping the Bixby button, and a new way to navigate the device: gestures. While Android 9 “Pie” did come with gesture support, it was only available on Pixel devices and stock AOSP devices and is said to be 'half baked' by many users. However, Samsung decided to create their own gesture system to navigate devices with OneUI installed. All you had to do was swipe up from the bottom of the device in the three locations of the 'buttons' to navigate. There have been many mixed reviews of this system,.

One UI 1.1, a minor update for One UI, brought a few camera, fingerprint, and facial recognition stability fixes and performance optimizations. This update isn't available on the Galaxy S8, Note8, S9, and Note9 range, but was an OTA update for the Galaxy S10 series devices. It launched with the 2019 Galaxy A series devices, such as the A30, A50 and A70 on May 21, 2019.

One UI 1.5, another minor update, was primarily for Galaxy Smart Watches, however, does provide native Link to Windows support. It launched with the Galaxy Note10 series devices on August 23, 2019. It also had 3 notification sounds go through minor changes.

One UI 2

One UI 2.0, the second generation update to One UI, provides Galaxy users with a skinned Digital Wellbeing experience, a more refined UI in some default apps such as Device Care, a minor UI change to the clock position in quick settings, a native screen recorder, the new Android 10 gesture system, Dynamic Lock Screen (different wallpaper with every unlock), a Trash folder in Files, native Android Auto, and harder Location permission access. OneUI 2.0 has already rolled out to Galaxy S10, Note10, Galaxy S9, and Note9 on February 6, 2020 range.

One UI 2.1, a minor update for One UI 2.1 on May 22, 2020, brings support for Galaxy devices that support 120 Hz refresh rate, Quick Share, Music Share, additional camera modes, and native support for Live Captions. It is first launched with the Galaxy S20 series devices & Galaxy Z Flip. It also arrived for other devices such as the Galaxy S9, Note9, S10, Note10, Galaxy Fold, and select Galaxy A (2020) devices as a software update.

One UI 2.5, Samsung rolled out One UI 2.5 with the on August 21, 2020 Galaxy Note 20 series, and the update is now making its way to the Galaxy S20 and older Samsung phones. One UI 2.5 doesn't bring radical changes to the UI, but there are plenty of new feature additions to the camera, DeX, gesture navigation, and other services.

One UI 3

One UI 3.0, based on Android 11, was released for Galaxy S20 devices beginning December 2, 2020. The update includes a few noteworthy revisions, such as a translucent notification panel, new volume controls positioned on the right or left of the device alongside the physical volume keys, slightly enhanced widgets, and smoother animations and transitions throughout the whole UI.

One UI 3.1, a minor update for One UI 3, first released with the Galaxy S21 series, has started rolling out to other supported Galaxy devices, starting with the Galaxy S20 series on February 17, 2021. There are no notable user interface changes. It contains many new camera feature improvements such as improved touch autofocus and auto exposure controller and improved Single Take feature and software implementations such as Object Eraser, Multi Mic Recording, Eye Comfort Shield, Private Share and others.

One UI 3.1.1, a minor update for One UI 3.1.1 on August 17, 2021, first released with the Galaxy Z Fold 3 on August 11, 2021.

One UI 4

One UI 4.0, based on Android 12, is the 4th generation of One UI. It was released to the Galaxy S21 Series on November 16, 2021. One UI 4 focuses on customization, privacy, and access to Samsung's expanding ecosystem.







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 iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware. It is the operating system that powers many of apple's mobile devices, including the iPhone and iPod Touch; the term also included the versions running on iPads until the name iPad OS was introduced with V.13 in 2019. It is the world's second-most widely installed mobile operating system, after Android. It is the second widely used operating system. It is the basis for three other operating systems which are also developed by Apple: iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS.

Released :

Unveiled in 2007 for the first-generation iPhone, iOS has since been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch (September 2007) and the iPad (introduced: January 2010; availability: April 2010.) As of March 2018, Apple's App Store contains more than 2.1 million iOS applications, 1 million of which are native for iPads. These mobile apps have collectively been downloaded more than 130 billion times. Major versions of iOS are released annually. The current stable version, iOS 15, was released to the public on September 20, 2021.

Features :


Interface :-

The iOS user interface is based upon direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch. Interface control elements include sliders, switches, and buttons. Internal accelerometers are used by some applications to respond to shaking the device or rotating it in three dimensions. Various accessibility described in & Accessibility functions enable users with vision and hearing disabilities to properly use iOS.

iOS devices boot to the home screen, the primary navigation and information "hub" on iOS devices, analogous to the desktop found on personal computers. iOS home screens are typically made up of app icons and widgets; app icons launch the associated app, whereas widgets display live, auto-updating content, such as a weather forecast, the user's email inbox, or a news ticker directly on the home screen.

Along the top of the screen is a status bar, showing information about the device and its connectivity. The status bar itself contains two elements, the Control Center and the Notification Center. The Control Center can be "pulled" down from the top right of the notch, on the new iPhones, giving access to various toggles to manage the device more quickly without having to open the Settings. It is possible to manage brightness, volume, wireless connections, music player, etc.

Instead, scrolling from the top left to the bottom will open the Notification Center, which in the latest versions of iOS is very similar to the lock screen. It displays notifications in chronological order and groups them by application. From the notifications of some apps it is possible to interact directly, for example by replying a message directly from it. Notifications are sent in two modes, the important notifications that are displayed on the lock screen and signaled by a distinctive sound, accompanied by a warning banner and the app badge icon, and the secondary mode where they are displayed in the Notification Center, but they are not shown on the lock screen, nor are they indicated by warning banners, badge icons or sounds.




It is possible to choose if notifications from an app can be shown on the lock screen, Notification Center, banner, or all three; whether the banner should be temporary or permanent; activate or deactivate the sound; choose whether to group by app or not and whether to show previews when locked. It is possible to turn off unwanted app notifications. Older notifications are automatically deleted after a few days.

A home screen may be made up of several pages, between which the user can swipe back and forth, one of the ways to do this is to hold down on the "dots" shown on each page and swipe left or right.

To the right of the last page, the App Library lists and categorizes apps installed on the device. Apps within each category are arranged based on the frequency of their usage. In addition to a category for suggested apps, a "recent" category lists apps recently installed alongside App Clips recently accessed. Users can search for the app they want or browse them in alphabetical order.

iOS also integrates seamlessly with other programming frameworks and technologies, such as Apple Pay, HomeKit, HealthKit, and ResearchKit.

On iOS, the main page button is usually located at the top right. To go back in an application there is almost always a "back" button. You can go back in 4 different ways, it varies depending on the context.

Press the "Back" button at the top left of the display
Swipe right from the left edge of the screen (gesture)
Press the "Finish" action at the top right of the screen
Scroll down on the screen content
The page title is practically always present and very visible, but it shrinks as the user scrolls down.

Navigation destinations that cannot be contained in the bottom tab bar can: be moved to a generic "More" tab or appear as actions in the top left or top right of other destinations. Model views are single-screen activities that are displayed by swiping into the foreground, while allowing the previous screen to peek up, retreating into the background. You can ignore them by scrolling down or tapping "Back" at the top.

Full screen views are media content such as photos or videos that take up the entire screen. They disappear on scrolling down. Occasionally on iOS, important page actions appear on a lower toolbar.
Action menus can be activated by any button or by attempting to perform any action. They scroll from bottom to top.

On earlier iPhones with home button, screenshots can be created with the simultaneous press of the home and power buttons. In comparison to Android OS, which requires the buttons to be held down, a short press does suffice on iOS. On the more recent iPhones which lack a physical home button, screenshots are captured using the volume-down and power buttons instead.

The camera application used a skeuomorphic closing camera shutter animation prior to iOS 7. Since then, it uses a simple short blackout effect. Notable additions over time include HDR photography and the option to save both normal and high dynamic range photographs simultaneously where the former prevents ghosting effects from moving objects (since iPhone 5, iOS 6), automatic HDR adjustment (iOS 7.1), "live photo" with short video bundled to each photo if enabled (iPhone 6s, iOS 9), and a digital zoom shortcut (iPhone 7 Plus, iOS 10). Some camera settings such as video resolution and frame rate are not adjustable through the camera interface itself, but are outsourced to the system settings

A new feature in iOS 13 called "context menus" shows related actions when you touch and hold an item. When the context menu is displayed, the background is blurred. To choose from a few options, a selection control is used. Selectors can appear anchored at the bottom or in line with the content (called date selectors). Date selectors take on the appearance of any other selection control, but with a column for day, month, and optionally year.

Alerts appear in the center of the screen, but there are also alerts that scroll up from the bottom of the screen (called "action panels"). Destructive actions (such as eliminating any element) are colored red.

The official font of iOS is San Francisco. It is designed for small text readability, and is used throughout the operating system, including third-party apps.

The icons are 180x180px in size for iPhones with a larger screen, usually models over 6 inches, including iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 8 Plus, while it's 120x120px on iPhones with smaller displays.
Applications
See also: App Store (iOS) and .ipa
iOS devices come with preinstalled apps developed by Apple including Mail, Maps, TV, Music, FaceTime, Wallet, Health, and many more.

Applications ("apps") are the most general form of application software that can be installed on iOS. They are downloaded from the official catalog of the App Store digital store, where apps are subjected to security checks before being made available to users. In June 2017, Apple updated its guidelines to specify that app developers will no longer have the ability to use custom prompts for encouraging users to leave reviews for their apps.[83][84] IOS applications can also be installed directly from an IPA file provided by the software distributor, via unofficial ways. They are written using iOS Software Development Kit (SDK) and, often, combined with Xcode, using officially supported programming languages, including Swift and Objective-C. Other companies have also created tools that allow for the development of native iOS apps using their respective programming languages.

Applications for iOS are mostly built using components of UIKit, a programming framework. It allows applications to have a consistent look and feel with the OS, nevertheless offering customization.
Elements automatically update along with iOS updates, automatically including new interface rules. UIKit elements are very adaptable, this allows developers to design a single app that looks the same on any iOS device. In addition to defining the iOS interface, UIKit defines the functionality of the application.

At first, Apple did not intend to release an SDK to developers, because they did not want third-party apps to be developed for iOS, building web apps instead. However, this technology never entered into common use, this led Apple to change its opinion, so in October 2007 the SDK for developers was announced, finally released on March 6, 2008.

The SDK includes an inclusive set of development tools, including an audio mixer and an iPhone simulator. It is a free download for Mac users. It is not available for Microsoft Windows PCs. To test the application, get technical support, and distribute applications through App Store, developers are required to subscribe to the Apple Developer Program.






Home screen :

In iPhone OS 3, Spotlight was introduced, allowing users to search media, apps, emails, contacts, messages, reminders, calendar events, and similar content. In iOS 7 and later, Spotlight is accessed by pulling down anywhere on the home screen (except for the top and bottom edges that open Notification Center and Control Center). In iOS 9, there are two ways to access Spotlight. As with iOS 7 and 8, pulling down on any homescreen will show Spotlight. However, it can also be accessed as it was in iOS 3 – 6. This endows Spotlight with Siri suggestions, which include app suggestions, contact suggestions and news. In iOS 10, Spotlight is at the top of the now-dedicated "Today" panel.

Since iOS 3.2, users are able to set a background image for the Home Screen. This feature is only available on third-generation devices—iPhone 3GS, third-generation iPod touch (iOS 4.0 or newer), and all iPad models (since iOS 3.2)—or newer.

iOS 7 introduced a parallax effect on the Home Screen, which shifts the device's wallpaper and icons in response to the movement of the device, creating a 3D effect and an illusion of floating icons. This effect is also visible in the tab view of Mail and Safari. Researchers found that users organize icons on their homescreens based on usage frequency and relatedness of the applications, as well as for reasons of usability and aesthetics.

System font :

iOS originally used Helvetica as the system font. Apple switched to Helvetica Neue exclusively for the iPhone 4 and its Retina Display, and retained Helvetica as the system font for older iPhone devices on iOS 4.[101] With iOS 7, Apple announced that they would change the system font to Helvetica Neue Light, a decision that sparked criticism for inappropriate usage of a light, thin typeface for low-resolution mobile screens. Apple eventually chose Helvetica Neue instead.[102][103] The release of iOS 7 also introduced the ability to scale text or apply other forms of text accessibility changes through Settings. With iOS 9, Apple changed the font to San Francisco, an Apple-designed font aimed at maximum legibility and font consistency across its product lineup.

Folders :

iOS 4 introduced folders, which can be created by dragging an application on top of another, and from then on, more items can be added to the folder using the same procedure. A title for the folder is automatically selected by the category of applications inside, but the name can also be edited by the user. When apps inside folders receive notification badges, the individual numbers of notifications are added up and the total number is displayed as a notification badge on the folder itself. Originally, folders on an iPhone could include up to 12 apps, while folders on iPad could include 20. With increasing display sizes on newer iPhone hardware, iOS 7 updated the folders with pages similar to the home screen layout, allowing for a significant expansion of folder functionality. Each page of a folder can contain up to nine apps, and there can be 15 pages in total, allowing for a total of 135 apps in a single folder. In iOS 9, Apple updated folder sizes for iPad hardware, allowing for 16 apps per page, still at 15 pages maximum, increasing the total to 240 apps.

Notification Center :

Before iOS 5, notifications were delivered in a modal window and couldn't be viewed after being dismissed. In iOS 5, Apple introduced Notification Center, which allows users to view a history of notifications. The user can tap a notification to open its corresponding app, or clear it. Notifications are now delivered in banners that appear briefly at the top of the screen. If a user taps a received notification, the application that sent the notification will be opened. Users can also choose to view notifications in modal alert windows by adjusting the application's notification settings. Introduced with iOS 8, widgets are now accessible through the Notification Center, defined by 3rd parties.

When an app sends a notification while closed, a red badge appears on its icon. This badge tells the user, at a glance, how many notifications that app has sent. Opening the app clears the badge.





Accessibility :

iOS offers various accessibility features to help users with vision and hearing disabilities. One major feature, VoiceOver, provides a voice reading information on the screen, including contextual buttons, icons, links and other user interface elements, and allows the user to navigate the operating system through gestures. Any apps with default controls and developed with a UIKit framework gets VoiceOver functionality built in. One example includes holding up the iPhone to take a photo, with VoiceOver describing the photo scenery. As part of a "Made for iPhone" program, introduced with the release of iOS 7 in 2013, Apple has developed technology to use Bluetooth and a special technology protocol to let compatible third-party equipment connect with iPhones and iPads for streaming audio directly to a user's ears. Additional customization available for Made for iPhone products include battery tracking and adjustable sound settings for different environments. Apple made further efforts for accessibility for the release of iOS 10 in 2016, adding a new pronunciation editor to VoiceOver, adding a Magnifier setting to enlarge objects through the device's camera, software TTY support for deaf people to make phone calls from the iPhone, and giving tutorials and guidelines for third-party developers to incorporate proper accessibility functions into their apps.

Criticism has been aimed at iOS depending on both internet connection (either WiFi or through iTunes) and a working SIM card upon first activation. This restriction has been loosened in iOS 12, which no longer requires the latter.

Multitasking :

Multitasking for iOS was first released in June 2010 along with the release of iOS 4. Only certain devices—iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 3rd generation—were able to multitask. The iPad did not get multitasking until iOS 4.2.1 in that November. The implementation of multitasking in iOS has been criticized for its approach, which limits the work that applications in the background can perform to a limited function set and requires application developers to add explicit support for it.

Before iOS 4, multitasking was limited to a selection of the applications Apple included on the device. Users could however "jailbreak" their device in order to unofficially multitask. Starting with iOS 4, on third-generation and newer iOS devices, multitasking is supported through seven background APIs:

Background audio – application continues to run in the background as long as it is playing audio or video content
Voice over IP – application is suspended when a phone call is not in progress
Background location – application is notified of location changes
Push notifications
Local notifications – application schedules local notifications to be delivered at a predetermined time
Task completion – application asks the system for extra time to complete a given task[129]
Fast app switching – application does not execute any code and may be removed from memory at any time
In iOS 5, three new background APIs were introduced:

Newsstand – application can download content in the background to be ready for the user
External Accessory – application communicates with an external accessory and shares data at regular intervals 
Bluetooth Accessory – application communicates with a bluetooth accessory and shares data at regular intervals

In iOS 7, Apple introduced a new multitasking feature, providing all apps with the ability to perform background updates. This feature prefers to update the user's most frequently used apps and prefers to use Wi-Fi networks over a cellular network, without markedly reducing the device's battery life.

Switching applications :

In iOS 4.0 to iOS 6.x, double-clicking the home button activates the application switcher. A scrollable dock-style interface appears from the bottom, moving the contents of the screen up. Choosing an icon switches to an application. To the far left are icons which function as music controls, a rotation lock, and on iOS 4.2 and above, a volume controller.

With the introduction of iOS 7, double-clicking the home button also activates the application switcher. However, unlike previous versions it displays screenshots of open applications on top of the icon and horizontal scrolling allows for browsing through previous apps, and it is possible to close applications by dragging them up, similar to how WebOS handled multiple cards.

With the introduction of iOS 9, the application switcher received a significant visual change; while still retaining the card metaphor introduced in iOS 7, the application icon is smaller, and appears above the screenshot (which is now larger, due to the removal of "Recent and Favorite Contacts"), and each application "card" overlaps the other, forming a rolodex effect as the user scrolls. Now, instead of the home screen appearing at the leftmost of the application switcher, it appears rightmost. In iOS 11, the application switcher receives a major redesign. In the iPad, the Control Center and app switcher are combined. The app switcher in the iPad can also be accessed by swiping up from the bottom. In the iPhone, the app switcher cannot be accessed if there are no apps in the RAM.




Ending tasks :

In iOS 4.0 to iOS 6.x, briefly holding the icons in the application switcher makes them "jiggle" (similarly to the homescreen) and allows the user to force quit the applications by tapping the red minus circle that appears at the corner of the app's icon.[132] Clearing applications from multitasking stayed the same from iOS 4.0 through 6.1.6, the last version of iOS 6.

As of iOS 7, the process has become faster and easier. In iOS 7, instead of holding the icons to close them, they are closed by simply swiping them upwards off the screen. Up to three apps can be cleared at a time compared to one in versions up to iOS 6.1.6.

Task completion :

Task completion allows apps to continue a certain task after the app has been suspended. As of iOS 4.0, apps can request up to ten minutes to complete a task in the background. This doesn't extend to background uploads and downloads though (e.g. if a user starts a download in one application, it won't finish if they switch away from the application).

Siri :

Siri (/ˈsɪəri/) is an intelligent personal assistant integrated into iOS. The assistant uses voice queries and a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of Internet services. The software adapts to users' individual language usages, searches, and preferences, with continuing use. Returned results are individualized.

Originally released as an app for iOS in February 2010, it was acquired by Apple two months later, and then integrated into iPhone 4S at its release in October 2011. At that time, the separate app was also removed from the iOS App Store.

Siri supports a wide range of user commands, including performing phone actions, checking basic information, scheduling events and reminders, handling device settings, searching the Internet, navigating areas, finding information on entertainment, and is able to engage with iOS-integrated apps. With the release of iOS 10 in 2016, Apple opened up limited third-party access to Siri, including third-party messaging apps, as well as payments, ride-sharing, and Internet calling apps. With the release of iOS 11, Apple updated Siri's voices for more clear, human voices, it now supports follow-up questions and language translation, and additional third-party actions.




Game Center :

Game Center is an online multiplayer "social gaming network" released by Apple. It allows users to "invite friends to play a game, start a multiplayer game through matchmaking, track their achievements, and compare their high scores on a leaderboard." iOS 5 and above adds support for profile photos.

Game Center was announced during an iOS 4 preview event hosted by Apple on April 8, 2010. A preview was released to registered Apple developers in August. It was released on September 8, 2010, with iOS 4.1 on iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 2nd generation through 4th generation. Game Center made its public debut on the iPad with iOS 4.2.1. There is no support for the iPhone 3G, original iPhone and the first-generation iPod Touch (the latter two devices did not have Game Center because they did not get iOS 4). However, Game Center is unofficially available on the iPhone 3G via a hack.






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